Rubber Conveyor Belts

Rubber conveyor belt has the characteristics of tropical resistance, wear belt, burning belt, oil resistance belt, alkali belt, alkali belt, tropical belt, cold belt and so on. Mainly used for the mining, metallurgy, iron and steel, coal, hydropower, building materials, chemical industry, grain and other enterprises of the solid material transmission.
The Conveyor belt is the main component of the belt conveyor, which is mainly used for the large-scale continuous transportation of coal, mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, construction and transportation departments. The transportation materials are divided into block, powder, paste and component items. From the perspective of micro composition, the conveyor belt is mainly composed of three parts: skeleton material, cover layer and base material, among which the cover layer is the key part to determine its performance and use. According to the different raw materials used in the cover layer, the conveyor belt industry can be divided into heavy conveyor belt and light conveyor belt. The former takes rubber (including natural rubber and synthetic rubber) as the main raw material, so also called rubber conveyor belt, its use scope is concentrated in heavy industry and infrastructure construction; the latter mainly uses polymer materials, mainly used in light industries such as food and electronics.

conveyor belts

Joint method
All the conveyor belts must be connected into a ring for use, so the quality of the conveyor belt joint directly affects the service life of the conveyor belt and the smooth operation of the conveyor line. General conveyor belt joints are commonly used in mechanical joints, cold bonding joints, hot vulcanized joints, etc.
mechanical splice
Generally refers to the use of a belt buckle joint, this joint method is convenient and convenient, but also more economical, but the efficiency of the joint is low, easy to damage, and has a certain impact on the service life of a conveyor belt product. PVC and PVG whole core flame retardant anti-electrostatic conveyor belt joint, generally grade 8 belt below the products use this joint method. Connecting with a buckle corresponds to 28% -45% of the strength of the conveyor belt itself.
Cold adhesive head
That is, the cold-adhesive adhesive agent is used for the joint. This joint method is higher efficiency than the mechanical joint, but also more economical, should be able to have a better joint effect, but from practice, because the process conditions are more difficult to master, in addition, the quality of the adhesive has a very great impact on the joint, so it is not very stable.bonding with cold adhesive is equivalent to 40-55% of the strength of the belt itself.
Hot vulcanized joints
Practice has proved to be the most ideal joint method, can ensure high joint efficiency, but also very stable, the joint life is also very long, easy to master. But there are disadvantages such as process trouble, high cost, and long joint time. Mechanical thermal sulfide bonding is equivalent to 60% -80% of the strength of the conveyor belt itself.

conveyor belts

classify

1. Wire rope core conveyor belt
The conveyor belt made of rubber covered with steel rope core liner serves as the traction and carrying member of the belt conveyor.
Characteristics of steel rope core conveyor belt: large tensile strength, good impact resistance, long life, small elongation, good groove formation, good flexible resistance, suitable for long distance, large transportation, high speed of conveying materials. The product is made up of core glue, wire rope, overlay layer and edge glue.
Steel rope core conveyor belt variety, according to the customer needs can be made into tubular type.
According to the performance of the cover rubber can be divided into: ordinary type, flame retardant type, energy saving type, heat resistance type, wear resistance type, cold resistance type, acid and alkali resistance type, oil resistance type and other varieties.
Use of steel rope core conveyor belt: widely used in coal, mining, port, metallurgy, electric power, chemical industry and other fields of conveying materials.
2. Fabric core conveyor belt
Fabric core conveyor belt is set for the transportation of various special performance items under different regions and environmental conditions, the conveyor belt core skeleton structure, mainly for cold resistance, oil resistance, heat resistance, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance conveyor belt supporting the belt core. Can be applied to different regions, different cold and cold conditions, as well as a variety of food, chemical products and other bulk materials under different conditions. Common conveyor belt is widely used in building materials, chemical industry, coal, electric power, metallurgy and other departments, suitable for room temperature conveying noncorrosive spike block, granular, powder materials, such as coal, coke, sand, cement and other bulk (material) or component items, conveying accumulation density for 6.5t~2.5t/m of various bulk, granular, powder and other loose materials, can also be used for adult goods transport.

matters need attention
⒈ to avoid the roller is covered by the material, resulting in poor rotation, to prevent the leakage of material stuck between the drum and the tape, pay attention to the lubrication of the active part of the conveyor belt, but do not oil pollution conveyor belt;
⒉ prevents the conveyor belt load to start;
⒊ conveyor belt deviation, timely measures shall be taken to correct;
When ⒋ finds the local damage of the conveyor belt, repair the Kate 90T high curing rubber repair paste or Ford-thorn rubber repair material in time to avoid expansion;
⒌ Avoid block from rack, support or block material to prevent cracking.
Industrial characteristics
With the popularity of conveyor belt in industrial production, multi-varieties, high performance, lightweight, multi-function, long life are several aspects of manufacturers. In industrial production, the correct use of conveyor belt is particularly important, in the conveyor belt should pay attention to the following matters:
1. Avoid the roller from being covered by the material, resulting in poor rotation, prevent the leakage material from being stuck between the drum and the tape, pay attention to the lubrication of the active part of the conveyor belt, but do not oil stain the conveyor belt;
2. Prevent the conveyor belt load to start;
3. If the conveyor belt deviates, timely measures should be taken to correct it;
4. When the local damage is found, artificial cotton should be used to repair it in time to avoid expansion;
5. Avoid the conveyor belt suffering from the rack, pillar or block material block, to prevent breaking and cracking

debug method
conveyor belt is the key equipment of conveying system, and its safe and stable operation directly affects the production operation. The deviation of conveyor belt is the most common fault of belt conveyor, and its timely and accurate treatment is the guarantee of its safe and stable operation. There are many phenomena and reasons for deviation, and different adjustment methods should be adopted according to different deviation phenomena and reasons, in order to effectively solve the problem. This paper is based on many years of field practice, from the perspective of users, using the mechanical principle to analyze and explain the cause of such faults and treatment methods.
1. The axis of the head drive roller or the rear change roller is not perpendicular to the center line of the conveyor, causing the conveyor belt to deviate at the head roller or the tail change to the roller. When the roller is inclined, the tightness of the conveyor belt on both sides of the roller is inconsistent, and the traction force Fq along the width direction is inconsistent, into an increasing or decreasing trend, which will make the conveyor belt coupled with a decreasing moving force Fy, resulting in the conveyor belt running to the loose side, that is, the so-called “loose and not tight”. The adjustment method is: for the head drum such as the conveyor belt to the right side of the roller, then the right bearing seat should move forward, the conveyor belt to the left side of the roller is repeatedly adjusted until the conveyor belt is adjusted to an ideal position. It is best to install the roller accurately before adjusting the drive or redirection.
2. The machining error of the outer surface of the drum, adhesive or wear uneven results in different diameter sizes, and the conveyor belt will deviate to the side with a larger diameter. The so-called “run big but not run small”. The traction force Fq of the conveyor belt produces a moving force Fy towards the large diameter, and the force Fy deviates. For this case, the solution is to clean up the surface of the drum adhesive, processing error and wear is uneven will be replaced after the processing package glue treatment.
3. The position of the material at the reprint point is not correct for the deviation of the conveyor belt, and the position of the material at the reprint point has a very great impact on the deviation of the conveyor belt, especially when the projection of the upper conveyor and the conveyor on the horizontal surface is more vertical. The relative height of the two belts at the reprint point should usually be considered. The lower the relative height, the greater the horizontal velocity component of the material, the greater the lateral impact force Fc on the lower belt, and the more difficult for the material to be medium. Skew the material on the cross section of the conveyor belt, and the horizontal force Fy of the impact force Fc eventually causes the belt to deviate. If the material goes off to the right, the belt runs off to the left, and vice versa. For the deviation in this case, the relative height of the two conveyors should be increased as much as possible during the design process. In the form and size of the upper and lower funnel, guide tank and other parts should be more carefully considered. The width of the general guide tank should be about three-fifths of the width of the belt. To reduce or avoid belt deviation, increase the baffle plate to block the material and change the falling direction and position of the material.
4. The error in the perpendiculality between the installation position of the bearing roll set and the center line of the conveyor is large, which causes the conveyor belt to deviate in the bearing section. When the conveyor belt running forward to the roller a forward traction Fq, the traction decomposition for the roller rotation force Fz and a transverse force Fc, the lateral force makes the roller axial movement, because the roller support fixed roller is not axial movement, it will inevitably produce a reaction force Fy to the conveyor belt, it makes the conveyor belt move to the other side, which leads to deviation. It is difficult to understand the force of the installation deflection, it is not difficult to understand the reason of the conveyor belt deviation, and the adjustment method will be clear.
The first method is to process the mounting holes on both sides of the roller set for adjustment.
The second method is to install centering roller set, centering roller set has a variety of types such as intermediate shaft, four link rod, vertical roller, etc., its principle is to use the block or roll in the horizontal direction rotation block or produce horizontal thrust makes the belt automatically centripetal to achieve the purpose of adjusting the belt deviation, the force and the bearing roller set deflection force is the same. Generally, this method is more reasonable to use when the total length of the belt conveyor is short or when the belt conveyor runs in both way, because the shorter belt conveyor is easier to deviate and not easy to adjust. The long belt conveyor should not use this method, because the use of the roll ler will have a certain impact on the service life of the conveyor belt.

Run off the problem
There are many reasons for misdeviation, which need to be dealt with according to different reasons.
1. Adjust the bearing roll set
The belt of the belt conveyor can adjust the position of the roller set to adjust the deviation in the middle of the whole belt conveyor, and the mounting holes on both sides of the roller set are processed for adjustment. The specific method is which side of the belt to bias, which side of the roll group toward the belt forward direction, or the other side to move back. If the belt runs up direction, the lower position of the roller set should move to the left, and the upper position of the roller set should move to the right.
2. Install the centering support roll set
There are many types of centering roll group, such as intermediate rotating shaft, four-link rod, vertical roller, etc. The principle is to use the block or roll in the horizontal direction rotation block or produce horizontal thrust to make the belt automatically centripetal to achieve the purpose of adjusting the belt deviation. Generally, this method is more reasonable to use when the total length of the belt conveyor is short or when the belt conveyor runs in two way, the reason is that the shorter belt conveyor is easier to deviate and not easy to adjust. The long belt conveyor should have better not use this method, because the use of the centering roll set will have a certain impact on the service life of the belt.
3. Adjust the position of the drive drum and the reversing roller
The adjustment of drive roller and reversing roller is an important link of belt running deviation adjustment. Because one belt conveyor has at least 2 to 5 rollers, the installation position of all rollers must be perpendicular to the center line of the length direction of the belt conveyor, and it will inevitably deviate if the deviation is too large. The adjustment method is similar to that of the adjustment roller group. For the head roller such as the belt to the right side of the roller, the right bearing seat should be moved forward, the belt to the left side of the roller, the left bearing seat should move forward, and the left bearing seat back or the right bearing seat can be moved back. The tail drum is adjusted in the opposite way of the head drum. Repeated adjustment until the belt is adjusted to an ideal position. It is best to install the roller accurately before adjusting the drive or redirection.
4. Adjustment of the tension position
The adjustment of belt tension is a very important part of the deviation adjustment of belt conveyor. At the upper roller, the two reversing rollers shall be perpendicular to the length of the belt, that is, to ensure the level of the axis centerline. When the screw tension or the hydraulic cylinder tension is used, the two bearing seats of the tension roller should be simultaneously translated to ensure that the drum shaft line is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the belt. The specific adjustment method of belt deviation is similar to the adjustment at the roller.
5. The effect of the drop position at the reprint point on the belt deviation
The drop position of the material at the reprint point has a very great impact on the deviation of the belt, especially when the projection of the two belt machines in the horizontal plane is more vertical. The greater the lateral impact on the lower belt, and the material is also difficult to center. Deflate the material on the belt section and eventually deviate the belt. If the material goes off to the right, the belt runs off to the left, and vice versa. The relative height of the two belt machines should be increased as much as possible during the design process. The form and size of the upper and lower funnels, guide grooves and other parts of the moving bulk material transport machinery should be more carefully considered. The width of the general guide tank should be about two-thirds of the width of the belt.
Six, the adjustment of the two-way running belt conveyor deviation
The adjustment of two-way belt conveyor belt deviation is much more difficult than the adjustment of one-direction belt conveyor belt deviation. In the specific adjustment, we should adjust one direction first, and then adjust another direction. When adjusting, carefully observe the relationship between the belt movement direction and the deviation trend, and adjust it one by one. The emphasis should be placed on the adjustment of the drive roller and the reversing roller, followed by the adjustment of the roller roller and the adjustment of the material drop point. At the same time, it should be noted that the belt should make the force on the belt section length direction of the sulfide joint uniform, and the force on both sides should be as equal as possible when the guide chain traction is adopted.

take good care of one’s health
The ⒈ conveyor belt should be kept clean in the transportation and storage, to avoid direct sunlight, rain and snow immersion, to prevent contact with acid, alkali, oil, organic solvents and other substances affecting the quality of rubber, and 1 meter away from the heating device.
The ⒉ storage temperature in the warehouse should be kept between-15℃ – – + 40℃, and the relative humidity should be kept between 50-80%.
The conveyor belt in ⒊ storage shall be placed in volume and shall not be folded and quarterly during placement.
The running speed of ⒋ conveyor belt should not be greater than 5.0 m / s, and the low speed should be used for large transportation bulk degree and large wear materials and fixed plow type unloading device as far as possible. The specified speed can affect the service life of the tape.
The relationship between the diameter of the transmission drum of the ⒌ conveyor and the conveyor belt cloth layer, the matching of the transmission roller to the drum and the requirements of the roll groove corner shall be reasonably selected according to the design provisions of the conveyor.
⒍ In order to reduce the impact and wear of the material on the tape, the feed direction should follow the running direction of the tape; the material drop to the tape should be minimized; the feed port should avoid directly above the roller or roller; the belt receiving section should shorten the roller distance and buffer measures should be taken. In order to prevent scraping tape, the contact part of the retaining device scraper cleaning device and unloading device and tape shall use rubber plate with suitable hardness, do not use tape head with cloth layer.
The following precautions should be taken during the ⒎ conveyor belt:
A. Avoid the roller from being covered by the material, resulting in poor rotation, prevent the material leakage from being stuck between the drum and the tape, pay attention to the lubrication of the active part, but do not grease the oil conveyor belt.
B. Strive to avoid starting with load.
C. If the tape deviates, measures shall be taken to correct it in time.
D. Local damage found should be repaired in time to avoid expansion.
E. Avoid tape block from rack, support or block material to prevent breaking and cracking.
Injury prevention
Injury and cause
1. Local wear (epidermal damage)
Fabric core conveyor belt and steel wire core conveyor belt are all prone to such damage. The main reason is that the reprint place, guide tank, invalid roller and other parts are easy to jam the large material block, once the conveyor belt is running, will certainly cause the local excessive wear of the conveyor belt. In the coal loading and unloading system of Rizhao Port, the cantilever belt such as stacker and feeder of the conveyor belt has been partially ground to 5 layers of canvas and other parts are better. In the loading system, a belt is directly stuck on the belt because of the low skirt of the guide trough, resulting in the steel wire at the skirts on both sides of the belt.
2. Local crushing (through injury)
Fabric core conveyor belt, steel wire core conveyor belt all have such damage. Conveyor belt in the transport of materials, often have larger stones, more sharp material blocks mixed with among them, these material blocks in the transfer junction because of the buffer is not enough, with a greater impact force crashed into the conveyor belt, forming a hole. If the material is mixed with sharp objects, such as iron crowbar, it is easy to cut the conveyor belt, causing large tearing of the conveyor belt.
3. Injury to the bonding site
The bonding part of the conveyor belt is sulphized when the tape is installed. If the joint part is not handled well, it is easy to cause premature wear of the joint part, glue peeling and other phenomena. If it is not handled in time, the joint damage and deterioration speed is fast, easy to occur strip accident.
4. Vertical crack of the steel wire core conveyor belt
Part of the steel wire core conveyor belt often appears longitudinal penetration scratch, up to dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters long, such damage is generally called longitudinal crack. Most of the reasons are sharp stuck in some places, such as the scraper cleaner, the operator did not clean up in time, the belt operation caused a long distance conveyor belt scratch and tear.

conveyor belts install

Damage repair
In the use of the conveyor belt, damage is inevitable, there are many forms of damage, such as: edge stratification, ulceration, defect and cracking; long distance longitudinal tear, deep scratches, holes, large area of wear, covering rubber drum or peeling, joint internal defects, etc. Among them, longitudinal tear is the most urgent, edge damage is the most common, the internal defects of the joint are difficult to avoid, and the service life after repair is the most concerned.
There are mainly three commonly used repair methods for conveyor belt
⒈ thermal repair method: usually using special repair device, vulcanmachine and conveyor belt suitable thermal sulfide material, the damage part of the conveyor belt equal strength “no trace” repair. This repair can make the conveyor belt completely eliminate the damage and restore the original state. Suitable for more important, long distance, high speed operation, large volume of transportation system. Of course, specialized equipment and professionals are required to complete such maintenance. It is the most reliable and ideal method for conveyor belt maintenance.
⒉ cold repair method: usually must use the conveyor belt special cold adhesive and special repair film and special tools, to fill and repair the damaged parts of the conveyor belt, in order to achieve the purpose of continuous operation. Obviously, this filling repair is expedient. Therefore, its main use is: in the conveyor belt damage, timely cold repair, can prevent the damage part of the conveyor belt to continue to expand, extend, so as to effectively protect the core of the conveyor belt from damage, so as to wait, obtain the time and opportunity needed for maintenance.
⒊ mechanical repair method: usually made of metal material clips, nails, panels and screws or metal hose and special appliances, to fix or connect the damaged parts of the conveyor belt, in order to achieve the purpose of maintaining operation. Even in many times, on many occasions today, this seemingly simple, rough, and even ugly treatment method, but can play an emergency function and get twice the result with half the effort.
To sum up, the most ideal and perfect repair of the conveyor belt must be strictly in accordance with the principle of “equal strength and the same life”, that is, the thermal repair technology and technology can be achieved. The real purpose of other applications of repair technology is to obtain the right repair time and opportunities. Therefore, cold repair and mechanical repair must not be used as the final treatment of conveyor belt damage. Only for convenience, simple, the pursuit of low cost, short time, the result is most likely to be endless problems. We hope that every conveyor belt system management and maintenance staff, must have a clear understanding of and thoroughly understand the basic concept of conveyor belt repair, and successfully and smoothly complete the conveyor belt bonding and maintenance work.